Directly struck membranophones is one of the sub-categories of musical instruments found in the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification. The type of membranophones or

drum The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a ...

s found in this group are those instruments that produce sound when struck directly by the performer. The membrane of these drums is hit with a stick, the hand, or something else. Drums that produce sound by means of plucking an attached string or by means of friction are grouped in a different category. 211.1 Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped ( kettle drums) 211.11 Single instruments 211.12 Sets of instruments 211.2 Instruments in which the body is tubular (

tubular drum Tubular may refer to: *having the form of a hollow cylinder, or tube *having the form of a cylinder *''Tubular'', a television-related entertainment blog on the ''Houston Chronicle'' website *''Tubular'', a level in the video game '' Super Mario W ...

s) 211.21 Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (

cylindrical drum Cylindrical drums are a category of drum instruments that include a wide range of implementations, including the bass drum The bass drum is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. The instrument is typically ...

s) 211.211 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.211.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.211.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.212 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.212.1 Single instruments 211.212.2 Sets of instruments 211.22 Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped (

barrel drum Barrel drums are a class of membranophone, or drum, characterized by a barrel-shape with a bulge in the middle. They are often one-headed and open at the bottom. Examples include the Vietnamese ''trong chau'' and the ''bendre'' of the Mossi of Bur ...

s) 211.221 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.221.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.221.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.222 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.222.1 Single instruments 211.222.2 Sets of instruments 211.23 Instruments in which the body is double-conical 211.231 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.231.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.231.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.232 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.232.1 Single instruments 211.232.2 Sets of instruments 211.24 Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped 211.241 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.241.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.241.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.242 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.242.1 Single instruments 211.242.2 Sets of instruments 211.25 Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped (

conical drum Conical drums are a class of membranophone, or drum, that is characterized by sloping sides. They are usually one-headed. An example is the timbal The timbau or Brazilian timbal is a membranophone instrument derived from the caxambu drum, usua ...

s) 211.251 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.251.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.251.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.252 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.252.1 Single instruments 211.252.2 Sets of instruments 211.26 Instruments in which the body is goblet-shaped ( goblet drums) 211.261 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.261.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.261.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.262 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.262.1 Single instruments 211.262.2 Sets of instruments 211.3 Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane ( frame drums) 211.31 Instruments which do not have a handle 211.311 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.312 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.32 Instruments which have a handle 211.321 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.322 Instruments which have two usable membranes

References

* http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textm/Membranophone.html * http://www.wesleyan.edu/vim/svh.html * http://www.thedrummerslounge.com/Encyclopedia_Membranphones_1.htm {{Membranophones Lists of percussion instruments Lists of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number Membranophones